119 lines
6.3 KiB
HTML
119 lines
6.3 KiB
HTML
<html>
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<head>
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<object type="application/x-oleobject" classid="clsid:1e2a7bd0-dab9-11d0-b93a-00c04fc99f9e">
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<param name="Keyword" value="PascalABC">
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</object>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1251">
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<title></title>
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<link rel="StyleSheet" href="../default.css">
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<style type="text/css">
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.auto-style1 {
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color: #FF0000;
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}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<OBJECT id=exam type="application/x-oleobject" classid="clsid:adb880a6-d8ff-11cf-9377-00aa003b7a11" style="position:absolute; top:-100; left:-100;">
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<param name="Command" value="TCard">
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<param name="Text" value="">
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</OBJECT>
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<H1>Ñèñòåìà PascalABC.NET</H1>
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<p><strong>PascalABC.NET</strong> <font face="Arial">–</font> ýòî
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<span class="auto-style1"><strong>ñèñòåìà
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ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ è ÿçûê Pascal íîâîãî ïîêîëåíèÿ</strong></span> äëÿ ïëàòôîðìû Microsoft .NET.
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ßçûê <strong>PascalABC.NET</strong> ñîäåðæèò âñå îñíîâíûå
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ýëåìåíòû
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ñîâðåìåííûõ ÿçûêîâ ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ:
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<a href="../LangGuide/Modules/indexmodule.html">ìîäóëè</a>,
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<a href="../LangGuide/Classes/index_classes.html">êëàññû</a>,
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<a href="../LangGuide/Classes/operoverloading.html">ïåðåãðóçêó îïåðàöèé</a>,
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<a href="../LangGuide/Interfaces/indexinterf.html">èíòåðôåéñû</a>,
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<a href="../LangGuide/ExceptionHandling/Overview.html">èñêëþ÷åíèÿ</a>,
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<a href="../LangGuide/Generics/index_generics.html">îáîáùåííûå êëàññû</a>,
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<a href="../LangGuide/MemoryManagement/index_memory.html">ñáîðêó ìóñîðà</a>,
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<a href="../LangGuide/FuncProgramming/lambdas.html">ëÿìáäà-âûðàæåíèÿ</a>, à
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òàêæå íåêîòîðûå ñðåäñòâà ïàðàëëåëüíîñòè, â òîì ÷èñëå
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<a href="../LangGuide/OpenMP/indexopenmp.html">äèðåêòèâû OpenMP</a>. Ñèñòåìà <b>PascalABC.NET</b> âêëþ÷àåò
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â ñåáÿ òàêæå ïðîñòóþ èíòåãðèðîâàííóþ ñðåäó, îðèåíòèðîâàííóþ íà ýôôåêòèâíîå
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îáó÷åíèå ñîâðåìåííîìó ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèþ. </p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../LangGuide/index_lang_guide.html">Îïèñàíèå ÿçûêà <strong>PascalABC.NET</strong></a>.</li>
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<li><a href="AdvantagePABC.html">Ïðåèìóùåñòâà <b>PascalABC.NET</b></a> äëÿ
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ðàçðàáîòêè ïðîãðàìì è äëÿ îáó÷åíèÿ. </li>
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<li><a href="PABCNETvsDelphi.html">Îòëè÷èÿ <b>PascalABC.NET</b> îò Delphi (Object
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Pascal)</a>.
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</li>
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<li>Ïðèìåðû, èëëþñòðèðóþùèå îñíîâíûå îñîáåííîñòè <b>PascalABC.NET</b>,
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íàõîäÿòñÿ â ìåíþ "Ïîìîùü/Êîðîòêî î ãëàâíîì".</li>
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</ul>
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<p>ßçûê Ïàñêàëü áûë ðàçðàáîòàí øâåéöàðñêèì ó÷åíûì Íèêëàóñîì Âèðòîì â 1970 ã. êàê
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ÿçûê ñî ñòðîãîé òèïèçàöèåé è èíòóèòèâíî ïîíÿòíûì ñèíòàêñèñîì. Â 80-å ãîäû
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íàèáîëåå èçâåñòíîé ðåàëèçàöèåé ñòàë êîìïèëÿòîð Turbo Pascal
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ôèðìû Borland, â 90-å åìó íà ñìåíó ïðèøëà ñðåäà
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ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ Delphi, êîòîðàÿ ñòàëà îäíîé èç
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ëó÷øèõ ñðåä äëÿ áûñòðîãî ñîçäàíèÿ ïðèëîæåíèé ïîä Windows.
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Delphi ââåëà â ÿçûê Ïàñêàëü ðÿä óäà÷íûõ îáúåêòíî-îðèåíòèðîâàííûõ ðàñøèðåíèé,
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îáíîâëåííûé ÿçûê ïîëó÷èë íàçâàíèå Object Pascal. Ñ âåðñèè Delphi 7
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<span lang="ru">ÿçûê </span>Delphi Object Pascal<span lang="ru"> ñòàë íàçûâàòüñÿ
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ïðîñòî </span>Delphi<span lang="ru">. </span>Èç
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àëüòåðíàòèâíûõ ðåàëèçàöèé Object Pascal ñëåäóåò îòìåòèòü
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ìíîãîïëàòôîðìåííûé open source êîìïèëÿòîð Free
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Pascal.</p>
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<p>Ñîçäàíèå <strong>PascalABC.NET</strong>
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<font face="Arial">äèêòîâàëîñü äâóìÿ îñíîâíûìè ïðè÷èíàìè:</font> óñòàðåâàíèå
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ñòàíäàðòíîãî ÿçûêà Pascal è ñèñòåì, ïîñòðîåííûõ íà åãî îñíîâå (Free Pascal), à
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òàêæå íåîáõîäèìîñòü â ñîâðåìåííîé ïðîñòîé, áåñïëàòíîé è ìîùíîé
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èíòåãðèðîâàííîé ñðåäå
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ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ.</p>
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<p> <strong>PascalABC.NET</strong> îïèðàåòñÿ íà ïåðåäîâóþ ïëàòôîðìó
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ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ Microsoft.NET, êîòîðàÿ îáåñïå÷èâàåò ÿçûê <b>PascalABC.NET</b>
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îãðîìíûì êîëè÷åñòâîì ñòàíäàðòíûõ áèáëèîòåê è ïîçâîëÿåò ëåãêî
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ñî÷åòàòü åãî ñ äðóãèìè .NET-ÿçûêàìè: C#,
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Visual Basic.NET, óïðàâëÿåìûé C++, Oxygene è äð. Ïëàòôîðìà .NET ïðåäîñòàâëÿåò òàêæå òàêèå ÿçûêîâûå
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ñðåäñòâà êàê åäèíûé ìåõàíèçì îáðàáîòêè èñêëþ÷åíèé, åäèíûé ìåõàíèçì óïðàâëåíèÿ
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ïàìÿòüþ â âèäå <em>ñáîðêè ìóñîðà</em>, à òàêæå âîçìîæíîñòü ñâîáîäíîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ êëàññîâ, íàñëåäîâàíèÿ,
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ïîëèìîðôèçìà è èíòåðôåéñîâ ìåæäó ìîäóëÿìè, íàïèñàííûìè íà ðàçíûõ .NET-ÿçûêàõ.
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Î òîì, ÷òî òàêîå ïëàòôîðìà Microsoft.NET, î åå ïðåèìóùåñòâàõ äëÿ ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ
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è äëÿ îáó÷åíèÿ ìîæíî ïðî÷èòàòü <a href="Net.html">çäåñü</a>.</p>
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<p>ßçûê <b>PascalABC.NET</b> áëèçîê ê ðåàëèçàöèè Delphi (Object Pascal). Â íåì
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îòñóòñòâóåò ðÿä <a href="PABCNETvsDelphi.html">ñïåöèôè÷åñêèõ ÿçûêîâûõ êîíñòðóêöèé Delphi</a>,
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íåêîòîðûå êîíñòðóêöèè èçìåíåíû. Êðîìå ýòîãî,
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äîáàâëåí ðÿä âîçìîæíîñòåé: èìååòñÿ àâòîîïðåäåëåíèå òèïà ïðè îïèñàíèè, ìîæíî îïèñûâàòü ïåðåìåííûå âíóòðè áëîêà, èìåþòñÿ îïåðàöèè <code>+=</code>, <code>
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-=</code>, <code>*=</code>, <code>/=</code>, ìåòîäû ìîæíî îïèñûâàòü íåïîñðåäñòâåííî â òåëå êëàññà èëè
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çàïèñè, ìîæíî ïîëüçîâàòüñÿ âñòðîåííûìè â ñòàíäàðòíûå òèïû ìåòîäàìè è ñâîéñòâàìè, ïàìÿòü ïîä îáúåêòû óïðàâëÿåòñÿ
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<a href="../LangGuide/MemoryManagement/index_memory.html">ñáîðùèêîì ìóñîðà</a> è
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íå òðåáóåò ÿâíîãî îñâîáîæäåíèÿ, ìíîæåñòâà <b>
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<code>set</code></b> ìîãóò áûòü
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ñîçäàíû íà îñíîâå ïðîèçâîëüíûõ òèïîâ, ââåäåí îïåðàòîðû <code><b>foreach</b></code>, ïåðåìåííûå
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öèêëîâ <b><code>for</code></b> è <b><code>foreach</code></b>
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ìîæíî îïèñûâàòü íåïîñðåäñòâåííî â çàãîëîâêå öèêëà, èìåþòñÿ
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îáîáùåííûå êëàññû è ïîäïðîãðàììû (generics),
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<a href="../LangGuide/Types/sequences.html">ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè</a>,
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<a href="../LangGuide/Types/tuples.html">êîðòåæè</a>,
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<a href="../LangGuide/Operations_Expressions/Slice.html">ñðåçû</a>,
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<a href="../LangGuide/FuncProgramming/lambdas.html">ëÿìáäà-âûðàæåíèÿ</a> è äð.</p>
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<p>Áëèçêèì ïî èäåîëîãèè ê <strong>PascalABC.NET</strong>
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ÿâëÿåòñÿ ÿçûê RemObjects Oxygene (Object Pascal 21 âåêà). Îäíàêî îí ñèëüíî èçìåíåí â
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ñòîðîíó .NET: íåò ãëîáàëüíûõ îïèñàíèé, âñå îïèñàíèÿ
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ïîìåùàþòñÿ â êëàññ, ñîäåðæàùèé <span lang="ru">ñòàòè÷åñêèé</span> ìåòîä Main,
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îòñóòñòâóåò ðÿä ñòàíäàðòíûõ ïîäïðîãðàìì ÿçûêà Ïàñêàëü. Êðîìå òîãî, ñèñòåìà
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RemObjects Oxygene - ïëàòíàÿ
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è íå ñîäåðæèò ñîáñòâåííîé îáîëî÷êè (âñòðàèâàåòñÿ â Visual Studio<span lang="ru">
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è äðóãèå </span>IDE), ÷òî ïðàêòè÷åñêè äåëàåò íåâîçìîæíûì åå èñïîëüçîâàíèå â ñôåðå îáðàçîâàíèÿ.</p>
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<p>Èíòåãðèðîâàííàÿ ñðåäà <strong>PascalABC.NET </strong>
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îáåñïå÷èâàåò ïîäñâåòêó ñèíòàêñèñà, ïîäñêàçêó ïî êîäó (ïîäñêàçêà ïî òî÷êå,
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ïîäñêàçêà ïàðàìåòðîâ ïîäïðîãðàìì, âñïëûâàþùàÿ ïîäñêàçêà ïî êîäó), ôîðìàòèðîâàíèå
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òåêñòà ïðîãðàììû ïî çàïðîñó, ïåðåõîä ê îïðåäåëåíèþ è ðåàëèçàöèè èìåíè, ýëåìåíòû
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ðåôàêòîðèíãà.</p>
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<p>Âñå ïðàâà íà ñèñòåìó ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ <b>PascalABC.NET</b>
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ïðèíàäëåæàò PascalABCCompiler Team (web-ñàéò
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<a href="http://pascalabc.net/" target=_blank>http://pascalabc.net</a>). </p>
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</body>
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</html>
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